MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA

A rare but serious skin cancer.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon type of non-melanoma skin cancer. It develops in Merkel cells found in the upper layers of the skin and in hair follicles. MCC tends to grow quickly and usually appears on areas of the skin that have had significant sun exposure.

What is merkel cell carcinoma?

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer. It tends to progress and spread more quickly than many other non-melanoma skin cancers. It most often appears on sun-exposed areas such as the head, neck, arms, and legs.

How to spot Merkel cell carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma often appears as a firm, painless lump on the skin. It may be red, pink, or purple in colour, and can grow quickly over weeks to months. These lesions typically develop on sun-exposed areas such as the head, neck, arms, and legs.

Diagnosis usually involves a skin exam, physical exam, and a biopsy of the lesion. If Merkel cell carcinoma is confirmed, additional tests like an MRI or CT scan may be used to check whether it has spread.

Who is most at risk?

Anyone can develop Merkel cell carcinoma, but several factors are associated with a higher risk, including:

  • Fair skin or skin that burns easily
  • Being an adult over 50 years of age
  • Significant or long-term sun exposure
  • A weakened immune system (from medical conditions or certain treatments)
  • A history of other skin cancers
  • Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including tanning beds

Preventing Merkel cell carcinoma.

Full body protection
Where possible, protect the skin with UV-protective clothing. For exposed areas, use a broad-spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen with an SPF of 30-45 and reapply as directed.

Develop sun-safe habits
Try to avoid strong UV exposure by seeking shade between 10 am and 4 pm.
Avoid tanning
Tanning beds and prolonged UV exposure can damage the skin and increase the risk of several types of skin cancer. There is no such thing as a “safe” or “base” tan before travelling to a sunny destination.

Check your skin regularly
Watch for new or changing spots, freckles, moles, or growths. If something looks different or is otherwise concerning, consider booking an assessment at the Kelowna Skin Cancer Clinic.

Get to know your treatment options.

Because Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, treatment often involves surgery and may also include radiation therapy. Your clinician will discuss the approaches that may be recommended based on your individual situation.

Talk to a physician.

If you’re concerned about a new lump or skin change, consider booking an assessment at the Kelowna Skin Cancer Clinic. A clinician can examine the area, provide guidance, and help you understand your options.