With early detection, many skin cancers can be treated effectively. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, the estimated five-year survival rate for patients whose melanoma is detected at an early stage is high:
After treatment, ongoing sun protection becomes especially important. People who have had skin cancer are at a higher risk of developing another one in the future. So how can you lower your risk and protect your skin moving forward?
This article covers practical ways to monitor your skin, reduce UV exposure, and build safer habits over time.
Perform a Self Exam
The first step in skin awareness is learning the signs of change. Checking your skin regularly can help you notice concerns early, when they are easier to address.
Many health care providers recommend examining your skin once a month. Use a full length mirror in a well lit room and a handheld mirror for areas that are hard to see. When looking at moles or marks, the ABCDE rule can be helpful:
- Asymmetry – Are the two halves of the mole or spot different?
- Border – Are the edges irregular, notched, or poorly defined?
- Colour – Is the colour uneven, with areas of brown, black, red, pink, white, or blue?
- Diameter – Is the spot larger than 6 millimetres?
- Evolving – Has the spot changed in size, shape, or colour?
For more detailed guidance, the American Cancer Society provides educational resources on what to watch for. If you notice anything unfamiliar or changing, book an appointment with your health care provider for an assessment.
Establish a Baseline
Changes can be gradual, which makes them difficult to spot. Taking periodic photos of specific moles or areas can help you compare them over time. Consider asking someone you trust to help with areas you cannot easily reach.
Be Vigilant in Sun Protection
For many people, sunscreen is the first thing that comes to mind when thinking about sun safety. Sunscreen is important, but it works best when combined with other protective habits.
Wearing UV protective clothing, choosing shade, and avoiding midday sun can reduce exposure before it reaches the skin. For additional sun protection guidance, visit our Sun Protection Tips page.
UPF vs. SPF
Sun Protection Factor (SPF) measures how well a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, which are the main cause of sunburn. Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) measures how well fabrics block UVA and UVB rays.
For sunscreen, an SPF of 30 or higher is widely recommended. For clothing, look for UPF 50+ for consistent protection.
Sun Protective Clothing
Not all clothing provides equal protection. If a garment does not list a UPF rating, it may not offer reliable UV filtering.
When choosing sun protective clothing, consider:
- Coverage – Long sleeves, long pants, and wide brimmed hats provide more coverage.
- Fit – Loose fitting clothing usually offers better protection than tight fabric unless the activity requires a closer fit.
- UPF Rating – A rating of UPF 50+ offers strong protection.
- Colour – Dark or bright colours tend to absorb more UV radiation than lighter tones.
How to choose a sunscreen
The first choice is often whether to use a mineral or chemical sunscreen. Both types can provide effective UV protection when used correctly.
Mineral Sunscreens
Mineral formulas contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. They sit on top of the skin to reflect UV rays. Some older formulations left a white cast, but many newer products blend more easily.
Chemical Sunscreens
Chemical sunscreens absorb UV rays and convert them into heat. They usually need 20 to 30 minutes to become fully effective. Approved sunscreen ingredients vary by country; in Canada, filters are reviewed by Health Canada for safety and effectiveness.
Broad Spectrum Formulas
Broad spectrum products offer protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Only sunscreens that meet specific testing standards can use this label. UVA protection is important because UVA contributes to skin aging and plays a role in some skin cancers.
How to Properly Use Sunscreen
For the best protection:
- Apply generously
- Reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating
- Use SPF 30 or higher
- Apply 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure when required by the label
- Cover all exposed areas, including ears, eyelids, lips, scalp, and feet
Combining sunscreen with sun protective clothing is the most reliable way to stay covered.
Our Sun Smart Mission
At Kelowna Skin Cancer Clinic, our focus is on education, early detection, and prevention. We aim to provide patients with clear information so they can build safer sun habits and understand how to monitor their skin after treatment.
If you have questions about sun safety or would like guidance tailored to your situation, you are welcome to contact the clinic for more information.
