Many people are encouraged to check their skin regularly and learn what is normal for them. Noticing new or changing marks can help you identify concerns early, including melanoma. Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that can sometimes resemble a harmless mole, which is why self checks are an important part of staying aware of your skin health.
What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer?
Melanoma begins in the melanocytes, the cells that give skin its pigment. It can appear in different areas of the body. In men, it is often found on the chest or back. In women, it more commonly appears on the legs. It can also develop in places people may not expect, such as the nail beds, eyes, or mouth. Routine eye and dental exams can sometimes detect unusual changes in these areas.
Melanoma should be assessed by a qualified health professional, since some types can grow or spread if not identified early. When detected in its early stages, melanoma can often be treated more easily.
For more background information on common skin cancers, you may find our Skin Cancer 101 page helpful.
Who May Be at Increased Risk?
Everyone’s personal risk varies, but certain factors are known to influence the likelihood of developing melanoma. These include:
- Having many moles on the body, particularly more than 50
- Having atypical moles with irregular shapes or colours
- Fair or freckled skin
- A personal or family history of melanoma or other skin cancers
- A history of significant sun exposure or blistering sunburns
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight or tanning beds
Why It Helps to Keep Track of Your Moles
A common belief is that most moles eventually turn into melanoma. In reality, this is uncommon. Most melanomas start as new growths, although some may arise in an existing mole. Because melanoma can resemble a regular mole, monitoring your skin for changes is a helpful habit.
Some melanomas grow slowly. A spot may look the same for years before subtle changes appear. Checking your skin monthly helps you notice anything new or evolving so you can seek timely advice if needed.
Understanding Common Warning Signs
Health organizations often recommend using the ABCDE rule as a guide during skin self exams. These signs do not diagnose melanoma but can help you know when something should be checked by a medical professional.
- Asymmetry: one half looks different from the other
- Border: edges appear uneven or blurred
- Colour: varying shades of brown, black, or other colours
- Diameter: larger than the size of a pencil eraser, although smaller lesions can occur
- Evolving: changes in size, shape, or colour over time
You can also refer to the American Cancer Society’s melanoma guide, which provides clear examples.
Why UV Exposure Matters
Exposure to UV rays is one of the most significant preventable risk factors for melanoma. UV radiation can damage DNA in skin cells, which may lead to abnormal cell growth. Limiting UV exposure, avoiding tanning beds, wearing protective clothing, and applying sunscreen daily are practical steps to help protect your skin.
If you would like to learn more about effective sun safety habits, our post on UV Protective Clothing offers additional guidance.
Understanding Your Personal Risk Score
If you want to learn more about your risk profile, My CancerIQ, created by Cancer Care Ontario, offers free online assessments that highlight evidence based risk factors and lifestyle considerations. The tool does not diagnose cancer but can help you understand personal risk factors and identify questions to discuss with a healthcare provider.
Conclusion
Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer, but early detection and consistent sun safety habits can help reduce risk. Checking your skin regularly and noting any new or changing spots can support early identification. If you notice something unusual, consider reaching out to a qualified healthcare provider for guidance.
